Grammar and communication
Answers
* = not ocrrect

1.Surprise

1. I was surprised at the dust. (correct! You can also say I was surprised by the dust.")
2. *I surprised at the dust.

2. Disable

1. *Garten employees are disability people.
2. Garten employees are disabled people. (correct! "Disabled" is the adjective.)

3. Always/every time

1. *I recycle my juice bottles every time.
2. I always recycle my juice bottles. (correct!)

4. Always/every time

1. Every time I go to Europe, I visit Paris. (correct!)
2. *I go to Europe in the summer every time and visit Paris.

Explanation:

• "Always" means "all the time", "at all times", or "each time".
  • I always recycle plastic bottles.
  • The best students always go to tutoring.
  • It almost always rains in Oregon on winter days.
  • When I visit Oregon in the winter, it's always raining.
• "Every time" emphasizes that when one thing happens, then something else also happens.
  • Every time I buy juice, I recycle the bottle.
  • The best students go to tutoring every time they have a question.
  • Every time I visit Oregon in the winter, it's raining.

5. Makes/grows

1. *Bona Fide Farms makes many Japanese vegetables.
2. Bona Fide Farm grows many Japanese vegetables. (correct!)

6. Make/bake

• Some people make their own bread. (correct!)
• Some people bake their own bread. (correct!)

7. Grow/grow up

1. When my niece grows up, she wants to study climate change. (correct!)
2. *My grandparents grow up vegetables.

Explanation: "Grow up" means to go from being a child to being an adult.

8. Rural/countryside

1. The countryside is beautiful in the fall. (correct!)
2. *His grandparents' house is countryside.

Explanation: "Countryside" is not an adjective. The adjective is "rural": "His grandparents' house is rural." or "His grandparents' house is in the country." We usually use "countryside" when we are talking about beauty.

9. Count/non-count: vegetables and fruit

1. I love apples. (correct!)
2. I love squash. (correct!)

Explanation: Some vegetables and fruit are countable and some are uncountable. In English, we use the plural to make general statements about something that is countable: "I love apples." "Squash" is uncountable unless we are talking about different kinds of squash."

10. Communicating clearly and fairly

1. Americans waste energy. (Grammar is correct, but #2 is better for meaning.)
2. Most Americans waste energy. (correct!)
3. The Japanese take baths instead of showers. (Grammar is correct)
4. *In general, the Japanese takes baths instead of showers. (Should be: In general, the Japanese take baths instead of showers. OR In general, the Japanese take baths and showers. )
5. Water in developed countries is clean and safe. (Grammar is correct, but #6 is better for meaning.)
6. Most water in most developed countries is clean and safe. (correct!)

Nationalities: some examples

Test yourself. Circle the correct sentences:

1. She comes to class every time.
2. She always comes to class.
3. Every time I study, I get an "A".
4. I get an "A" every time.
5. It rains in Portland every time.
6. It rains in Portland every time I visit.
7. When I go to Portland, it always rains.
8. Junko and Yukiko are Japanese.
9. Noriko and Natsumi is Japanese.
10. The Japanese generally use chopsticks.
11. Japanese often eat fish.
12. Most Americans use too much energy.
13. Most Japanese use less energy than most Americans.
14. Oregon is in the northwestern part of the United States.
15. Oregon is in the northwestern part of America.