がが日本語１３２　　　L９

 

今日は　何曜日　ですか？　先週の週末は　どうでしたか？　

 

「ブラックタイ」に　行きましたか。どうでしたか

 

Review: Make a sentence using

 

何か　= Something

 

どこか　= 　Somewhere;

 

also, どこかで = at someplace...

 

だれか　＝　Someone; also 　

 

だれか　と = with someone

 

いつか　＝　Sometime

 

See Activity #4 (363) Answer using いいえ

 

 

Grammar IV Giving Reasons using から　＝　Reason; Expressing Opposition of Hesitation using けど

When used with verbs, you can use either polite ( ーます) or plain forms (-る／う)

 

A. Conjunction から　＝　Reason + から + Result

 

 

時間がないから、行きません。（時間がありませんから、行きません）

 

With い-Adjectives, you can use nothing or です。

 

今日いそがしいから、ひるごはんは食べません。OR, いそがしいですから、

 

With Nouns or な-Adjectives, use です　or　だ .

 

学生だから、いつもべんきょうします。

 

 

 

English:   Because I have a test tomorrow I will study tonight.

 

あした　テスト　が あります　から、こんばん べんきょうします。or

 

あした　テスト　が ある　から、こんばん べんきょうします

 

So, as with ので, the Reason comes first in Japanese, then the Result or Consequence.

 

[Of course, we do say in English: I have a test tomorrow SO I will study tonight.]

 

 

How about the differences between から and ので? 　Our textbook says that からinvolves one's personal opinion or judgment more than ので. Therefore,から may sound stronger, more opinionated while ので can be softer,more polite, especially in formal speech.

 

ので therefore, is more objective, more factual, more impersonal hence is less assertive.

 

Preactice

 

Reason                                                                   Result

 

I have homework.                                           Will not go out tonight.

 

I am busy.                                               Will not write a letter to my parents.    

 

Don’t have my part-time job today.                I am free.

 

Do not have a bike.                                Will go by bus.

 

Have a test today.                                  Did not watch TV on Sunday.

 

I live in Alaska So I don't go home very often.

 

I did not write my parents a letter on Saturday.   I will email them today.

 

I have class today.                                           Will not DO sports.

 

I do not have a car.                                         I will walk home.

 

That movie is expensive.                                 I didn’t go.

 

I have a lot (たくさん) of homework.             Will be busy tonight.

 

My friend is coming.                              I will clean up the room.

 

I have a kanji quiz tomorrow. Tonight, I will study.

 

 

 

B. The Conjunction けど to link clauses in opposition. In this sense it is much like が but けど tends to sound more colloquial than が and is often used in casual conversation. 

As with から、when used with verbs, you can use either polite forms ( ーます) or plain (plain, dictionary) forms

 

あまり好きじゃないけど，時々食べます

I don't like it all that much but sometimes I eat it (anyway).

 

 

Contrasting clauses:

 

It was difficult but interesting.

 

It was fun but expensive.

 

I bought a newspaper but I didn’t buy a magazine.

 

I drink tea but I don’t drink coffee.

I don't like coffee very much but sometimes I order a latte.

I don't like fish very much but I often eat sushi.

 

 

I went yesterday but I will not go tomorrow.

 

 

I have a bicycle but I don’t have a car.

 

 

I called my friend but she was not there.

 

 

I read it, but I did not understand it.

 

 

I went to work but I did not do my laundry.

 

 

I went shopping but I did not go to a movie.

 

Tomorrow is vacation but I will go to school.

 

 

 

けど　and　 が　overlap quite a bit but けど is considered more colloquial and conversational.

You can use けど　deferentially, 「私は田中だけど／ですけど。

"My name is Tanaka..."

  Like the が  of contrast, けど connects 2 clauses, and may often translate as BUT

 

ウイラメット大学は　小さいですが/けど、とても いい　大学　ですよ。

 

あまりべんきょうしませんでしたが／けど、しけんは　やしかったです。

 

I love ice cream but I do not eat it very often.

私は　アイスクリームガ大好きだけど、あまり食べないんです。

 

 

More Notes:

(http://www.geocities.jp/nihongoguide/compound.html)

 

Sometime back ago we learned about the -te form of verbs, or V-て form, which is use to connect or continue sentences, or also known as “and.” Here we are learning more about how to connect Japanese sentences using connective words like “but,” “because” and “so.” Let’s start with using “but.

There are 2 ways to express “but” in Japanese. One is ”けど” the other is ”が”. Both can be use to connect to other Japanese sentences. See the two examples below.
It’s quite easy to understand this. Just simply put the が or けど after the sentence, くるま　が　ほしい　です, and then you can continue to state the reason after that. This is very commonly used in the Japanese conversation, so remember this well :)

 

Let’s learn how to use “because” in Japanese. There are 2 ways to say it. Let’s look at the examples

お金が　ありません ／ないので、　くるま　を　買いません

 

Because I don’t have money, I won’t buy a car.

お金が　ありません から、　くるま　を　買いません

Because I don’t have money, I won’t buy a car.

To state reasons, use the ので or から. Just like けど or　が , simply add the ので or　から after stating your reasons. Japanese tend to express the reasons first before telling the listeners the things they do.

Activity #1 (367) Combine the pairs of sentences, Reason first, then Result.

 

Activity #2 Invitation, Refusal and stated Reason (which comes first)

 

Activities #3 and #4