HIST381

MODERN JAPAN

Fall 2017

email: rloftus

voice mail: 6275

web page: http://www.willamette.edu/~rloftus/

T-Th 2:30-4:00

Walton 21

Office: Walton Hall 144

Student Learning Objectives (SLOs):

1. To learn how human consciousness, action and agency are historically embedded in three key historical moments in Modern Japan's History:

a. the Meiji Restoration/Revolution in 1868 when over 250 years of rule by shoguns and samurai were ended;

b. Japan's turn towards Modernity and the new climate of opinion that entailed, including the emergence of feminism and women's issues;

c. Japan's decision to expand militarily into Manchuria, China and then Southeast Asia.

2. To gain an appreciation for how change and continuity, past and present, and gender and social activism interact during these historical transformations;

3. To experience how the study of the past helps us make sense of the present.

 

NOTE: Hist 381 is a designated "Thinking Historically MOI" Course. Accordingly, the above 3 SLOs draw upon the "Rubrics" adopted for all "TH" MOI courses.

 

 

 

Course Description:

This course will explore how modern Japan emerged on the world stage in the late 19th and early 20th century, and will encourage thought and reflection on the nature of Japan's position in the modern world. Accordingly, this course will be organized around the following major topics or "units," each with a central question:

1) What is the nature of Japan's political and economic transformation known as the Meiji Restoration--what kind of historical moment or event was it? Was it a revolution? If so, what kind? How significant is the legacy of Japan's long, stable pre-modern period during the Tokugawa Era (1600-1868)?

Sources: Various Readings available as PDFs on WISE.

2) How should we reflect upon the theme of sustainability and the environment in prewar Japan? How did the transition to a fossil-fuel based economy with the onset of modernization affect the environment?

Sources: Readings in PDF format by Azby Brown, Brett Walker, Robert Stolz

3) How did Japanese writers and critics respond to the onset of "modernization" in the 1870-1915 period?

Main Source: Book, Loftus, The Turn Against the Modern, Selections

4) What was the nature of politics and society during the "Interwar Years," (1915-1930s) and what has been the role of Gender and Social Activism by women in the teens and 1920s? How did emerging feminist movement and various women writers and critics react to these changes?

Sources: 3 PDFs from Loftus, Telling Lives Folder on Wise

5) What kind of socio-political conditions were responsible for Japan's turn to military expansionism, ultra-nationalism, particularism, and ultimately war in the 1930s? What kind of dissent from these actions was there?

Sources: PDFs like Henry Smith, (on WISE) and various Links/Webpages like "Imperial Democracy" featuring work by Andrew Gordon

6) After the Fifteen Year War, how did Japanese people reflect on the experience and how did they interpret their society's turn towards particularism, unilateralism and militarism as reflected in certain works of literature and film?

Sources: Novel and Film, Harp of Burma

NOTE: For every class hour, there is an expectation of 3-4 hours work outside of class. Our class meets twice a week for 90 minutes so you should expect to do 6-8 hours outside of class engaged in course-related activities such as reading and preparing material, organizing discussions based on assigned on PDFs, etc. There will be sign-ups for some of the readings and on those days, students are expected to lead the discussion and frame questions for the class to consider. In the discussions and in each of the three writing assignments for this course, students will offer insights into the social-political context for the events and the periods/topics as described above.

Requirements:

1. Regular class attendance (no more than 3-4 absences) and participation in discussion 15%

2. Careful preparation of assigned readings

3. Participation and assuming leadership for class discussions with other students on the readings on the environment and sustainability, as well as on material by Thomas Smith, George Wilson, Loftus, Henry Smith, Helen Hopper, Brett Walker, Robert Stolz, etc., 15%; and

4. Completion of three (3) analytical papers (6-8 pp.) based on assigned readings in which the students will reflect on how the past may help us understand the present and how change and continuity affect historical experience. Papers will be graded on the strength of their arguments, their clarity, and their flow and coherence. 60% (20% each)

Note: I will respect any accommodations authorized by the Office of Disabilities Services. Please let me know about these accommodations as soon as possible.

Plagiarism can be a serious problem which you do not want to encounter. Willamette has a policy against cheating and plagiarism which reads, in part:

Plagiarism and cheating are offenses against the integrity of the courses in which they occur and against the college community as a whole. Plagiarism and cheating involve intellectual dishonesty, deception and fraud, which inhibit the honest exchange of ideas. . . Plagiarism, a form of cheating that consists of representing someone else€™s work as your own. When you borrow someone else's wording or interpretation, you need to attribute and cite your source. Otherwise, you are being dishonest. See https://willamette.edu/cla/catalog/resources/policies/plagiarism_cheating.php

Also click here for appropriate information.

Required Texts

James L. McClain, JAPAN: A MODERN HISTORY

Ronald Loftus, THE TURN AGAINST THE MODERN: THE CRITICAL ESSAYS OF TAOKA REIUN (1870-1912)
TRCov

Michio Takeyama, HARP OF BURMA, Novel + film interpretation

There will be a significant number of Class Readings available as PDFs on WISE and/or Handouts on a regular basis

The Written work for this course centers around 3 Formal (6-8 pp) papers:

1) Interpreting the Meiji Restoration; - Due Oct. 10

2) Reflecting on Prewar Japanese Sociuety; - Due Nov. 30

3) Reflecting on the Road to and Results of WWII/The Fifteen Year War - Due Dec. 14

Useful Web Links:

For general online resources and chronologies click here. See, also, for modern Japan, here.

Japan Center for Asian Historical Records

Weekly Schedule of Class: Lecture/Discussion Topics

Please note: This weekly Schedule is a PLAN; reality may sometimes intervene and dictate that we may not be on this exact schedule.

Please pay attention to where we are at the end of each class and keep revisiting the Syllabus online for updates

Week 1

Introductory/Background Material: Japan 1600-1840s

August 29

Introductions/Expectations for Course

The Pattern of Japan's Past

Click here for Daimyo Classification

 

Web Link for Japan's Ancient Past: The Asuka Period

General Overview of the Samurai class

General Overview of Merchant class

See also the Bushido Page and Samurai Archives

Begin to read McClain, Ch. 1, pp. 5-47

31

1. The Tokugawa System

2.Brief Video

[More on the Tokugawa Regime and its Meaning]

3. The Barebones of the Meiji Restoration: What actually happened?

 

 

Map of Japan at time of Meiji Restoration

See screens of Edo c.1650s and Woodblock Prints; Hiroshige Prints here.

McClain, Ch. 1, pp. 5-47

Related:

See WISE PDF for Tokugawa Military House Codes

Neo-Confucian 4-tiered class system

 

 

Google Cultural Institute on Japanese Arts and Crafts

Week 2

Behind the Meiji Restoration: Economic and Social Change 1675-1850

Spetember 5

The Three Great Revolutions in Tokugawa Japan -- see McClain 48-63

Economic Changes: Factors in Japan's Pre-Industrial Growth.

What does it mean to become modern?

 

McClain Ch. 2, pp. 48-75

 

Also, look at the Osaka Tonya PDF on WISE

September 7

What does it even mean to become modern? (Finish if necessary)

More on Urbanization and Cultural Change

Prints of Ando Hiroshige and Hokusai

See the Virtual Tour of Edo site

Link to images of Edo merchants

 

 

 

 

Prepare and Sign Up for 2 PDFs for Next Class:

1. "Just Enough"--reading from Azby Brown "H381justenough.pdf" in Envir Readings Folder on WISE and

2. "H381 Satoyama_EnculturedNature.pdf" in Envir Readings Folder on Wise

 

 

 

 

Week 3

Reflections on the Environement and Sustainability Readings

 

Sept. 12

The Environment and Sustainability in Tokugawa Japan: Two Readings

Azby Brown Video

1. Discuss "Just EnoughAzby Brown "H381justenough.pdf" on WISE

Sustainability in Tokugawa Japan "Just Enough": Field and Forest in Rural Japan--

Edo Life and Culture: Sustainability

2. Discuss Catherine Knight "H381 Satoyama_EncultredNature.pdf" on WISE

Somore more on Satoyama

Some of the Tokugawa Literature on Silviculture

McClain,Ch.3, pp. 76-112

 

Prepare H381 AizawaExerpt.pdf on Wise for next class

Satoyama Initiative

Seot. 14

The Emerging Emerging Crisis in Late Tokugawa

See Aizawa Seshisai's Shinron (New Theses), a PDF on WISE, "H381 AizawaExcerpt.pdf"

(On Aizawa, see McClain pp. 131-33)

Coming of the West: Toward Restoration;

 

UP NEXT:

For an In-Class Symposium/Discussion of the Meiji Restoration,

Sign Up for One of the 4 times below (2 are PDFs on WISE):

 

1) An article by Thomas Smith, "Japan's Aristocratic Revolution" linked here and on WISE

2) This webpage about E.H. Norman and his "Thesis"

3) Several chaptes from George Wilson, Patriots and Redeemers, Chs.1 and Chs. 5-7

4) Colin Barker on Marxism and the Restoration, (A link, actually; not a PDF) starting with "The Social Character of the Meiji Restoration"

 

 

 

 

Week 4

Toward the End of theTokugawa Shogunate

See "The Meiji Restoration," McClain, Ch. 4 114-154 and other Assigned Readings

Septe. 19

The Tempo Reforms and other Interpretive Questions

Coming of the West: Toward Restoration;

Click here for chronology

 

 

 

Yoshida Shoin and the Meiji Restoration

Pivotal Moments

See a Detailed chronology

Reading in Main Text: McClain, Ch. 4, pp.119-154

 

In preparation for an In-Cass Symposium/Discussion of the Meiji Restoration,

Sign Up for One of 4 following Readings (2 are PDFs on WISE):

1) An article by Thomas Smith, "Japan's Aristocratic Revolution" linked here and on WISE

2) This webpage about E.H. Norman and his "Thesis"

3) Several chaptes from George Wilson, Patriots and Redeemers, Chs.1 and Chs. 5-7

4) Colin Barker on Marxism and the Restoration, (A link, actually; not a PDF) starting with "The Social Character of the Meiji Restoration"

 

 

 

Useful Links (not required reading):

Link: Coming of Perry

Online material on Perry. And here.

Images of Perry

Perry Journal

Treaty of Kanagawa

The Harris Treaty of 1858

See this article on the role of Thomas Glover

 

PP Slides: Factors in the Fall of the Old Order from Peter Duus, Ch. 4

 

Sept. 21

The Meiji Restoration: What Happens After 1868?

The Charter Oath

Begin In-Class Symposium Part I:

1. Discuss the Thomas Smith article, "Japan's Aristocratic Revolution" (PDF)

2. The"Norman Thesis"

2. Begin George Wilson PDFs on WISE under H381 Wilson Chapter 1, (maybe Ch. 5 too, time permitting)

 

Useful vocabulary

McClain, Ch.5, pp.155-182

Conrad Totman's "take," see handout

Weeks 5

Reflections on the Meiji Restoration/Revolution: In-class "Symposium" Style Discussion

(Continue with Japan in Revolutionary Times (McClain, 183-206)

Septe. 26

Symposium Part II: The Meaning and Siginficance of the Meiji Restoration

1. Continue with George Wilson, Chs 5-7, PDFs on Wise;

2. Revisit theMarxist Interpretaation: Colin Barker

 

Consider also The Conrad Totman Handout and

McClain's Take

First Paper Topic

 

 

On Industrialization and the Zaibatsu, click here

McClain Ch. 6, pp. 183-206

 

 

 

For another "take" on the Meiji Restoration, see the PDF "H381 MR Conservative" under Resources on WISE;

Sept. 28

I have to travel to Minnesota on this date so I will not be in class. =(

No Class

Review/Finish Up Symposium as Necessary on Tuesday Oct. 3

Recap Discussion of Meiji Restoration;

Meiji Restoration

The Charter Oath What Happens After 1868?

 

Discuss First Paper Topic further

 

McClain Ch. 6, pp. 183-206

Prepare first Fukuzawa PDF on Wise, "Fukuzawa.pdf"

 

Week 6

Responses to Japan in the New Century: Fukuzawa Yukichi bringing "Civilization and Enlightenment"

Oct. 3

Recap Discussion of Meiji Restoration; and Finish Wilson material as necessary

Meiji Restoration

The Charter Oath What Happens After 1868?

Meiji Rev2: Eejjanaika Clip

Discuss First Paper Topic further

New Topic: The Fukuzawa Yukichi Story

 

 

Bunmei-kaika: Begin Discussion of first Fukuzawa PDF on Wise, "Fukuzawa.pdf" and Fukuzawa2"

Fukuzawa Yukichi: "Bunmei-kaika" or "Civilization and Enlightenment and

Throwing Off Asia" (Datsu-A) Materials MIT

Jiyu-minken: Freedom and People's Rights

Because of my travel, we will push this discussion to Thursday

 

 

 

The Meiji Meiji Revolution: More on What Happened After 1868

 

 

 

 

On Industrialization and the Zaibatsu, click here

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Prepare 2 pdfs for Fukuzawa Discussion:

1. "Fukuzawa.pdf"

2. "Fukuzawa2"

5 Discuss Fukuzawa PDFs on WISE,"Fukuzawa.pdf" and "Fukuzawa2.pdf"

More on Fukuzawa and "Throwing Off Asia" (Datsu-A) Materials MIY

Understanding The Popular Rights Movement, and the Role of Natural Rights Theory,

 

The Popular Rights Movement, and the Emergence of Socialist and Anarchist Thought

Transition to Taoka Reiun and The Turn Against the Modern: 1895-1912 - Begin Reading

Continue with McClain Ch. 7, pp. 207-245

See some reviews/discussion of the film, The Last Samurai

Start Reading Loftus, The Turn Against the Modern

 

 

 

 

 

 

Week 7

Responses to Japan in the New Century (Taoka Reiun, Turn Against the Modern)

Oct. 10

FIRST PAPER DUE

Review Fukuzawa the Origins of the Political Parties and the Political Crisis of 1881

Crafting a Constitutional Polity and Opposing Paradigms

The Meiji Constitution/End of Meiji; another link to Constitution

 

The Turn Toward the Dark Side: The Imperial Rescript on Education (See McClain, pp. 202-203)

Japanese Imperialism

McClain Ch. 8, 246-275

Prepare Loftus, The Turn Against the Modern:

 

Please see Wise, Resources, "Hist 381 Loftus Reading Notes" for ideas of what to look forin these Chapters

 

1. Preface (xii-xxii) and Chapter One, Overview (1-18)

2. Chapter Two:Youth and Early Education (partial)

 



 

 

Oct. 12

Discuss Turn Against the Modern 1st 40+ pages - Discussion Postponed

 

 

Link to the Meiji Constitution of 1889

McClain Ch. 10 316-336

 

Prepare Loftus, The Turn Against the Modern:

1. Chapter 3 1st 8 pp. essay on "Zhuangzi

2. From “The Position of Eastern Thought in the Nineteenth Century West,” 58-86 (28 pp)

 

3. All of Ch. 4 Seinenbun, 87-122 (35 pp) (Skimming is OK!!!)


 

 

 

Week 8

Continue with Discussion of The Turn Against the Modern

Oct. 17

Discuss Turn Against the Modern 1st 40+ pages

Discuss Start Turn Against the Modern Chs. 3

Early Essays

Su Dongpo

 

 

Alternate Visions

Prepare Turn Against the Modern, Chs. 5-6

--All of Ch. 5, 123-166

--Ch. 6, from 167-187 only (20pp)

 

Su Dongpo

 

 

Oct. 19

Finish Ch. 3,

 

Discuss Ch. 4 "Seinenbun Years"

 

Discuss Turn Against the Modern - Ch. 5, part of Ch. 6

 



 

 

Prepare Loftus, Turn Against the Modern

1. Ch. 7 195-212 (17 pp)

2. Ch. 8 213-221( 8 pp)

 

 

McClain, Ch. 11, 357-356

Yosano Akiko's poem to her brother

 

 

 

The Great Kanto Earthquake, Sept. 1, 1923

Chronology

 

 

 

 

Week 9

Finish Discussion of The Turn Against the Modern

Oct. 24

Discuss Turn Against the Modern -

Discuss Ch. 4 "Seinenbun Years"

 

Ch. 5, part of Ch. 6

--All of Ch. 5, 123-166 (43 pp)

Begin Ch. 6, "Seeking Rebellion: Taoka Reiun and the Meiji Restoration," p. 167-187 (20 pp)

 

 

Next Time: Finish discussion of Loftus, Turn Against the Modern Chs. 7-8

Ch. 7 195-212 (17 pp)

Ch. 8 213-221 (8 pp )

 

 

 

McClain, Ch. 11, 357-397

 

 

 

 

 

Prepare from the Envir Readings Folder as per Sign Ups the Brett Walker PDF on WISE

"H381 WalkerCh10.pdf" (simpler)

OR,

"H381 WalkerAshio.pdf"(more complex)

 

 

See some details on Japan's first major pollution incident by Shoji and Sugai, especially sections IV-VI, the Ashio Mine Incident

26

Finish discussion of Loftus,Turn Against the Modern Chs. 6-8

Ch. 7 195-212 (17 pp)

Ch. 8 213-221 (8 pp )

 

 

 

 

 

Select one article from either ! or 2 belw, located in the Envir Readings Folder on Wise

EITHER one of these Two:

1. the Brett Walker PDF on WISE, "H381 WalkerCh10.pdf" (simpler)

 

"H381 WalkerAshio.pdf"(more complex)

OR,

2. Robert Stolz article on WISE, "TanakaRiverLaw"

See also this article by Stolz on Tanaka Shozo

 

 

See some details on Japan's first major pollution incident by Shoji and Sugai, especially sections IV-VI, the Ashio Mine Incident

 

 

Week 10

Prewar Japan: Environment and Sustainability, the Ashio Mine Case

Oct. 31

"Living the Meiji Dream" and the Nightmare: The Ashio Mine Pollution Disaster

Map

Read and Discuss Brett Walker PDF on WISE "H381 WalkerCh10.pdf"(simpler)

OR, "H381 WalkerAshio.pdf" (more complex version)

AND

Discuss Tanaka Shozo's River Law by Robert Stolz, a PDF on WISE,

"H381 StolzTanakaRiverLaw"

 

 

 

 

 

For next class, Prepare the PDF: "The Non-Liberal Roots of Taisho Democracy" by Henry Smith

H381HenrySmith.pdf

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Transition into Material on Japanese women during the Interwar years from Loftus, Telling Lives (3 PDFs)

Nov. 2

 

Understanding Prewar Japanese Politics and Society

 

 

 

Finish The Ashio Mine Incident if Necessary

Discuss How "Democratic" Was Taisho Democracy?

The Taisho Political Crisis: Useful Page

Discuss the PDF: "The Non-Liberal Roots of Taisho Democracy" by Henry Smith

For another take, see "Imperial Democracy" and TheTumultuous Twenties

*****

 

You can always refer to the Alternate Visions of Society and Politics page as well

More on "Taisho Demokurashii" and the Peace Preservation Law

 

Politics and Culture 1918-1932: Taisho Liberalism and Illiberalism

See an interesting Japan Times article on Taisho and Modernity

 

See also-Women in Late Meiji and Early Taisho ;

Introduction of Second Paper Topic

 

 

 

 

 

 

Links to Marxism

Prepare the WISE PDF: H381HenrySmith.pdf

"The Non-Liberal Roots of Taisho Democracy"by Henry Smith

 

 

Next Up:

Discussing PDFs from Telling Lives Takai Toshio, Sata Ineko

 

Found in Wise Folder H381 Loftus Telling Lives Telling Lives:

1) H381 Loftus Interwar Years.pdf

(We discuss all together)

1. H381Takai Toshi Ch. 3,

 

Sign Ups

 

See Leftist Posters Exhibition

See also interesting page on prewar Adverstising

Photos from Prewar Japan

Week 11

Prewar Japan: Society as Seen through Memoirs/Autobiographies by Japanese Women

Nov. 7

Recap Discussion of "Imperial Democracy"

Discuss together Short PDF on Loftus Interwar years

"Japan in the 1920s and 1930s"from Telling Lives, pp. 24-31

Begin Discussion of 1st PDF from Telling Lives: Ch. 3 Takai Toshio

 

 

See also-Women in Late Meiji and Early Taisho ;

Introduction of Second Paper Topic

 

 

 

 

McClain, Ch. 12, pp. 405-440

Prepare 2nd set of PDFs from Loftus, Telling Lives Folder

Sign Ups:

2. H381 TellLivesSata InekoCh. 5

3. H381 TellLivesCh. 6 Fukunaga Misao

 

Additional Optional materials on Japaense Women/Feminism:

!. PDF on Hiratsuka Raicho, 80-118 and Seito (Bluestockings)

2. Essay by Vera Mackie on "Women and Pacificism"

3. Article on Cafe Waitresses in Taisho Japan

4. PDF by Elise Tipton, "The Cafe: Contested Space of Modernity in Interwar Japan," pp. 119-36

 

 

9

Discuss 2nd set of Telling Lives PDFs,

H381 TellLivesCh 5 Sata Ineko

H381 TellLivesCh.6 Fukunaga Misao

 

 

Transition to McClain Entering upon a "Period of National Eemergency"

 

 

Continue with McClain, Ch. 12, 405-440 and

Ch. 13, pp. 441-481

 

Week 12

Nov. 14

Finish/Recap Ch. 6 Fukunaga Misao (if necessary)

See Legacy of the Interwar Years

 

Revisit Second Paper Topic (due Nov. 30th)

 

  
Nov. 16

Begin Final Topic of the Course: The Road to War: The Manchurian Incident and the Road to War I

See McClain Entering upon a "Period of National Eemergency"

See also The League and Manchuria

 

Some Key Terms:

--Unilateralism (going it Alone);

--Particularism (Japan as Special/Unique; Japan First!);

--Militarism (Military dominates Politics, Socierty, ideology)

 

Week 13

Fall Break Nov. 20-24

 

See web sites on the Controversy over the Rape of Nanking/

Iris Chang on the Rape Nanjing

Nanjing Massacre

Comprehensive site for Nanjing Massacre

See Web Links on Carrier Battles in the Pacific

Japan Imperial Navy Page

Week 14

Japan's Road to Expansionism and War (McClain, 400-515)

November 28

 

Review: The Road to War I: The League and Manchuria

More on the Manchurian Incident;

Chronology

Some other Issues:

London Naval Conferences; Army Factionalism

Hull's Four Points

 

The Road to War II 1931-1941:

Kita Ikki and 2-26 Incident; Kita Ikki

MoreThoughts on Kita Ikki

Kita Ikki Video

Summary of Rise of Nationalism/Militarism in Japan

 

Japan's Vision for a New World Order

Video on Pearl Harbor

 

"Know Your Enemy: Japan"; Factors

Chronology; Key Dates

Some important documents

 

 

 

McClain, Ch. 14, 482-515

Begin to read Michio
Takeyama, Harp of Burma

 

A good site on PH attack

Pearl Harbor Site with lots of video, including FDR's "Day of Infamy" speech

See also an aerial photo of ships on Battleship Row

Another Pearl Harbor Site

More on Pearl Harbor

 

November 30

SECOND Paper Due

The Pacific War 1941-1945 Summary

The War Begins and Ends: Reflections

The End of the War and the Imperial Broadcast

The War in Japanese Eyes: The Harp of Burma (1956, 116 mins)--Begin watching film

The Harp of Burma remains important. Its indictment of militarism and vivid imagery of fallen soldiers far from home were influential at a time when shared narratives of the war were being negotiated in postwar Japan. It should not be overlooked by anyone hoping to understand how those narratives continue to evolve today.

 

Battle of Midway Site

McClain, Ch. 14, 482-515

 

Continue reading Michio
Takeyama,Harp of Burma

+

 

Prepare two PDFs on Wise:

1. H381 RaynsHarp - Criterion Collection Notes

2. H381 MellonHarp - excerpt from a chaper in Joan Mellen's book, Waves at Genji's Door on Harp of Burma

Extra Materials:

On the" Divine Wind": the kamikaze special attack units

More pilot letters, and stories

See John Dower on Issue of War Responsibility (1995)

See NYT article on the Emperor's Role in The War

 

Links on Burma Campaign

 

Tomiyama Taeko, Imagination Without Borders:Feminist Art and Social Responsibility

Week 15 Final Week of Classes; Reflections

The Harp of Burma

Dec. 5

 

 

Finish Harp of Burma - Begin Discusions

Discuss two short PDFs on Wise to Read

1. H381 RaynsHarp - Criterion Collection Notes

2. H381 MellonHarp - excerpt from a chaper in Joan Mellen's book, Waves at Genji's Door on Harp of Burma

Recent Reflections

See Paper Topic for Paper #3

 

 

Discuss Michio
Takeyama, Harp of Burma

and PDFs on the Film

 

WWII Casualty Figuresfigures

Dec 7

Last Class SAIs

Wrap Up Discussion of The Harp of Burma, both novel and film; including

--Tony Rayn'e essay "Unknown Soldiers," H381 RaynsHarp.pdf

--Joan Mellen H381 MellonHarp.pdf)

Paper Workshop: Ideas and Approaches

Topic for Paper #3

 

 

 

 

Third/Final Paper Due Thursday, Dec. 14, 3:00 pm